Which DB paradigm is characterized by early integration of key trade subcontractors?

• A. Traditional
• B. Progressive
• C. DBB Paradigm
• D. Integrated-Delivery

Answer: (A)

Early involvement of key trade subcontractors is a hallmark of collaborative delivery approaches, where the owner, designers, and builders work together from the start. In Integrated-Delivery, subcontractors, designers, and constructors participate early, sharing goals, risks, and information to influence constructability, sequencing, and cost before final design decisions are locked in. This early collaboration tends to reduce change orders, improve schedule reliability, and align incentives across the team. Traditional design-bid-build, by contrast, tends to complete design first and then solicit bids from subcontractors, which limits early trades input and can lead to late-found conflicts and more rework. So, the description best fits the Integrated-Delivery paradigm.