P3 is typically used in what delivery system?

• A. Integrated Project Delivery
• B. Design-Bid-Build
• C. Construction Management at Risk
• D. Design-Build

Answer: (D)

Public-Private Partnerships rely on private sector involvement across design, construction, financing, and often long-term operations, which requires close integration and a single point of responsibility to align incentives and manage lifecycle risks. The delivery system that best enables that integrated approach is Design-Build, where design and construction are combined under one contract, allowing faster decision-making, stronger collaboration, and easier transfer of risk to the private partner. P3 projects are often structured to bundle design, financing, and long-term operation within a design-build framework, making Design-Build the typical delivery system.